Uvular trill

The uvular trill is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ʀ, a small capital R. Within Europe, the uvular trill seems to have originated in French, from where it spread to modern Standard German, most German dialects, some Dutch dialects, some northern Italian dialects, and the southern dialects of Swedish and Norwegian.

在這些語言的主要使用區域，濁小舌擦音成為小舌顫音的音位變體. 小舌顫音也在其它語言出現，尤其是患有語言障礙的人在無法或很難發出原來語種中標準的齒齦顫音.

少數語言使用不止一個顫音。例如，說奧克語的長者會區分齒齦和小舌顫音，如/ɡari/ 已治癒 和 /ɡaʀi/ 橡樹。

ps.老師是用類似早上刷牙漱口ㄉ方式來發小舌音.

from:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uvular_trill